Final Exam

. Explain how to get to the server drives and your folder.
To get to the server drives you have to double click on server_drives then in my computer go to jstudents then photojournalism then 3st period then save it under my folder, Melanie Garcia.
2. Explain how we use blogger.com in this class
We use blogger to post blogs in this class. It is used to do our classwork.

3. Explain the process of creating a pinhole camera
To create a pinhole camera take a oatmeal can and cover the inside and lid with black construction paper so no light gets in. Then, cut a small square in the middle of the side then take a square of foil and tape in inside and behind the square and poke a small hole in it with a pin then take a square of black construction paper and take it over the cut so that you can open and close it with ease but not let any light in when it is shut.

4. Explain how the pinhole camera works and how the image is transferred to the paper inside
The paper inside your camera responds to light. So when you take the picture you open the flap for a certain amount of time letting the light in. This then transfers the image onto the paper so when develop the photo it shows up.

5. Know how to define and explain the 10 rules of composition, these 10 rules will be a MAJOR portion of the final and you better know how to recognize these rules, explain these rules and show me you understand them:
5a.  Rule of thirds-Imagine that your image is divided into nine equal segments by two vertical and two horizontal lines, this adds balance and interest to your photo.

5b. Balancing Elements- You should balance the 'weight' of your subject by including another object of lesser importance to fill the space.

5c. Leading Lines- By thinking about how you place lines in your composition, you can affect the way we view the image, pulling us into the picture, towards the subject, or on a journey 'through' the scene.

5d. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)- They can make for very eye-catching compositions, particularly in situations where they are not expected. Another great way to use them is to break the symmetry or pattern in some way, introducing tension and a focal point to the scene.

5e. Viewpoint- Rather than just shooting from eye level, consider photographing from high above, down at ground level, from the side, from the back, from a long way away, from very close up, and so on.

5f. Background/simplicity- look around for a plain and unobtrusive background and compose your shot so that it doesn't distract or detract from the subject.

5g. Create depth- You can create depth in a photo by including objects in the foreground, middle ground and background.

5h. Framing-By placing these around the edge of the composition you help to isolate the main subject from the outside world. The result is a more focused image which draws your eye naturally to the main point of interest.

5i. Cropping-By cropping tight around the subject you eliminate the background 'noise', ensuring the subject gets the viewer's undivided attention.

5j. Mergers and avoiding them-You can be sure the camera always sees mergers, so look for plain backgrounds before you pose your subject.

6. Explain how action and emotion impact a photograph- Action and emotion impact a photo greatly. They help the viewer understand the photo and know what is happening. Also, it can cause the viewer to have a connection the photo.

7. Explain how a photo can "tell a story"- A photo can tell a story by incorporating emotion or action. If the viewer sees this and its surroundings then they can understand better what is taking place.

8. Explain what the word "multimedia" means and share some examples of how we have seen them in class (on the blog)
Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. In class they were used in many of the slideshows.

9. Know how to correctly write a caption. I HIGHLY suggest you rewrite the rules on your blog and find at least 2 photos on the internet, post them on your blog and write correct captions for them. This will be a MAJOR portion of the exam as well.
1.) First sentence includes major information about the photo (who, what, where, when, why, how). You may make up the information for this assignment.
2.) First sentence should be written in present tense as if the action of the photo is still happening.
3.) Second sentence should be past tense, and should include background information.
4.) Information in caption should not be obvious by looking at the photo.

5. If there are three or fewer recognizable people in the photo, you must give all of their names (you can make them up for this assignment).

6. Use strong action verbs whenever possible.

10. Explain how "strong action" verbs enhance a caption
Strong action verbs enhance a caption by giving an explanation to what is really happening.

11. Explain how ethics come into play in regards to photojournalism and compare and contrast this with fashion photography. You really need to get the idea that changing photos to fit a need or to make something look like something else is VERY unacceptable in photojournalism.
Ethics should not be used in photojournalism due to the fact that they are very misleading. This is wrong when you are trying to tell a true story. In fashion photography this is used greatly to encourage the selling of products.

12. Explain the difference between a portrait and a self portrait.
Portrait is taken of somebody else while self portrait is taken of you?

13. Explain what characteristics of a good portrait are.
A good portrait is in focus, has good exposure, and uses composition rules.

14. Explain what the major differences are between newspaper and yearbook.
The major differences in newspaper and yearbook are: newspaper is for things going on recently around school while yearbook is things that happen through out the whole year. Also, in newspaper there are more stories than photos as opposed to yearbook which is primarily photographs.







1. Aperture- A circle-shaped opening in a lens (a hole, really) through which light passes to strike the image sensor or the film. The aperture is usually created by an iris diaphragm that is adjustable, enabling the aperture to be made uniformly wider or narrower, thereby letting in more or less light. The size of the aperture is expressed as an f-number, like f/8 or f/11.

2. Shutter- A movable cover for an opening. In photography, that opening is the lens - more specifically, the aperture. The shutter blocks the passage of light traveling through the lens to the film when it is closed, and allows light to reach the film when it is open. Shutters are composed of blades, a curtain, a plate or another movable cover. They control the amount of time that light is allowed to pass through the opening to reach the film.

3. Exposure- (1) Exposure occurs when light is permitted to strike a digital camera's image sensor or a traditional camera's film - i.e. when the sensor/film is exposed to light. (2) Exposure is the total amount of light striking the sensor/film or other photographic material. (3) Also refers to a combination of shutter speed and aperture used in exposing the sensor/film in a camera, as in “My light meter shows an exposure (or an exposure reading) of 1/125 second at ƒ/11.” A particular aperture and shutter speed combinations are often referred to as “exposure settings.” “Proper exposure” refers to exposure that produces an image satisfactory to the photographer

4. F-stop- A lens aperture setting calibrated to an f-number

5. Single lens reflex- A camera with one lens only for both viewing and picture-taking. The image is reflected onto a viewing screen by a moveable mirror in the camera. The mirror flips out of the way just before the shutter opens, permitting light to strike the film.

6. Negative- An image in which the brightness values are reversed - that is, reproduced so that the lightest areas are the darkest, the darkest areas are the lightest, and intermediate tones are similarly reversed. "Negative” commonly refers to such an image on exposed and developed photographic film that is intended for use in making positive prints of the image.

7. Positive- Opposite of a negative - An image, such as print or a slide, with the same tonal values and colors as the original scene.

8. Contact sheet- A contact print made from several negatives at one time, usually an entire roll or whatever number of frames will fit on the print paper. The negatives actually come in "contact" with the printing paper, or as close as possible to the print paper when in a contact-printer negative holder.

9. Agitation- Gentle movement of liquid photo-processing chemicals (developer, stop-bath, fixer) during processing of film or paper in order to achieve uniform results.

10. Enlarger- An adjustable light projection device used in a darkroom to project an enlarged image from a negative through a lens onto photographic paper in various degrees of enlargement.

11. Stop bath- An acid bath or rinse (usually a weak solution of acetic acid) for stopping the action of a developer before fixing a negative or print.

12. Fixer- The chemical solution used for fixation. It removes any photo-sensitive silver-halide crystals that were not acted upon by light or by the developer.

13. Safe light- A lamp, typically in a darkroom, that allows a person to view light-sensitive material without it being altered by the light. The lamp is generally coated with or enclosed in a partially-translucent filter that screens out light rays to which the film or paper are sensitive.

14. Burning- Also known as "Printing in." In a darkroom, providing extra exposure to an area of the print to make it darker, while blocking light from the rest of the print.

15. Dodging- Blocking a portion of the light when printing a photograph or manipulating a digital image so that an area of the image will be made lighter. FinFin